HORMONAL IMBALANCES AS DETERMINANT OF INFETILITY
Medina LATIFI, Mergime ABDULI, Sheval F. MEMISHI
Abstract
Infertility represents a major reproductive health concern affecting both women and men worldwide, with hormonal imbalances being among the most significant underlying determinants. The endocrine system plays a crucial role in regulating ovulation, spermatogenesis, implantation, and overall reproductive function through hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, prolactin, and thyroid hormones. Disruptions in these hormonal pathways may lead to anovulation, menstrual irregularities, impaired follicular development, reduced sperm quality, and altered endometrial receptivity. Common clinical conditions associated with hormonal infertility include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadism, and insulin resistance. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between hormonal dysregulation and infertility by examining the main hormonal factors involved, their physiological impact on reproductive processes, and the diagnostic approaches used in clinical practice. Furthermore, it highlights evidence-based strategies for management, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and assisted reproductive technologies. A deeper understanding of hormonal imbalances and their reproductive consequences is essential for early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and improved fertility outcomes.
Pages: 93 - 98